> ## Name

> gp4gp - OpenGL geometry profile for NVIDIA GeForce 8/9/100/200/300 Series, OpenGL 3.x Quadro

> ## Synopsis

>       gp4gp

> ## Description

> This OpenGL profile corresponds to the per-primitive functionality introduced by NVIDIA's 4th generation of assembly instruction sets.

> The compiler output for this profile conforms to the assembly format defined by NV_gpu_program4 and ARB_vertex_program.

> Note that the NV_gpu_program4 extension has its geometry domain-specific aspects documented in the NV_geometry_program4 specification.

> Data-dependent loops and branching are allowed.

> Relative indexing of uniform arrays is supported.

> Parameter buffer objects (also known as "constant buffers" in DirectX 10 or "bindable uniform" in GLSL's EXT_bindable_uniform extension) provide a way to source uniform values from OpenGL buffer objects.

> Texture accesses include support for texture arrays (see the EXT_texture_array OpenGL extension for more details) and texture buffer objects (see the EXT_texture_buffer_object extension for details). Texture results can be either conventional floating-point vectors or integer vectors (see the EXT_texture_integer extension for details).

> If the system supports the NV_explicit_multisample OpenGL extension, renderbuffers can be bound as textures, which allows texture access to individual samples stored in multi-sample renderbuffer.

> ## 3D Api Dependencies

> Requires OpenGL support for the NV_gpu_program4 extension. This extension was introduced by the GeForce 8800 and other G8x-based GPUs. Renderbuffer sampler access requires NV_explicit_multisample extension.

> ## Opengl Extension Specifications

> Programmability:

>      http://www.opengl.org/registry/specs/NV/gpu_program4.txt

>      http://www.opengl.org/registry/specs/NV/geometry_program4.txt

> New texture samplers:

>      http://www.opengl.org/registry/specs/EXT/texture_array.txt

>      http://www.opengl.org/registry/specs/EXT/texture_buffer_object.txt

> New integer texture formats:

>      http://www.opengl.org/registry/specs/EXT/texture_integer.txt

> Optional renderbuffer textures:

>      http://www.opengl.org/registry/specs/NV/explicit_multisample.txt

> ## Profile Options

> ## Geometry Domain-Specific Gp4 Options

>   Normally the options below to specify primitive input and output type are better specified as a profile modifier preceding the Cg entry function.
> Vertices=val
>   Maximum number of output vertices. Emitting more than this number of vertices results in the extra vertices being discarded. Example "-po Vertices=3"
>   On NVIDIA GPUs, the throughput for geometry shaders is inverse proporational to the maximum number of vertices output times the number of scalar components per vertex. For this reason, keep the maximum number of output vertices as small as possible for best performance.
> POINT
>   The entry function inputs point primitives. Example: "-po POINT"
>   If an output primitive is not also specified with a command line profile option, POINT_OUT is assumed.
>   Normally this is option is better specified as a profile modifier preceding the Cg entry function.
> LINE
>   The entry function inputs line primitives. Example: "-po LINE"
>   If an output primitive is not also specified with a command line profile option, LINE_OUT is assumed.
>   Normally this is option is better specified as a profile modifier preceding the Cg entry function.
> LINE_ADJ
>   The entry function inputs line adjacency primitives. Example: "-po LINE_ADJ"
>   If an output primitive is not also specified with a command line profile option, LINE_OUT is assumed.
>   Normally this is option is better specified as a profile modifier preceding the Cg entry function.
> TRIANGLE
>   The entry function inputs triangle primitives. Example: "-po TRIANGLE"
>   If an output primitive is not also specified with a command line profile option, TRIANGLE_OUT is assumed.
>   Normally this is option is better specified as a profile modifier preceding the Cg entry function.
> TRIANGLE_ADJ
>   The entry function inputs triangle adjacency primitives. Example: "-po TRIANGLE_ADJ"
>   If an output primitive is not also specified with a command line profile option, TRIANGLE_OUT is assumed.
> POINT_OUT
>   The entry function outputs point primitives. Example: "-po POINT_OUT"
>   Normally this is option is better specified as a profile modifier preceding the Cg entry function.
> LINE_OUT
>   The entry function outputs line primitives. Example: "-po LINE_OUT"
>   Normally this is option is better specified as a profile modifier preceding the Cg entry function.
> TRIANGLE_OUT
>   The entry function outputs triangle primitives. Example: "-po TRIANGLE_OUT"
>   Normally this is option is better specified as a profile modifier preceding the Cg entry function.

> ## Data Types

> ## Samplers

> This profile has additional samplers for texture arrays (1D and 2D) and texture buffers.

> Standard OpenGL textures formats (GL_RGBA8, etc.) return floating-point sampled results, but new signed and unsigned integer texture formats require samplers the return signed and unsigned integer vectors respectively. Sampler variants for fetching signed and unsigned integer vectors are prefixed by i and u respectively. Your application is required to make sure the bound textures have the appropriate texture format. So a 3D texture specified with the GL_RGBA32UI_EXT internal format (see the EXT_texture_integer OpenGL extension) must be used with a usampler3D sampler. Otherwise, texture sampling returns undefined results.

> sampler1D
>   1D texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_1D target. Sampling returns float vectors.
> isampler1D
>   1D texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_1D target. Sampling returns int vectors.
> usampler1D
>   1D texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_1D target. Sampling returns unsigned int vectors.
> sampler1DARRAY
>   1D array texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY_EXT target provided by the EXT_texture_array extension. Sampling returns float vectors.
> isampler1DARRAY
>   1D array texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY_EXT target provided by the EXT_texture_array extension. Sampling returns int vectors.
> usampler1DARRAY
>   1D array texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY_EXT target provided by the EXT_texture_array extension. Sampling returns unsigned int vectors.
> sampler2D
>   2D texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_2D target. Sampling returns float vectors.
> isampler2D
>   2D texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_2D target. Sampling returns int vectors.
> usampler2D
>   2D texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_2D target. Sampling returns unsigned int vectors.
> sampler2DARRAY
>   2D array texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY_EXT target provided by the EXT_texture_array extension. Sampling returns float vectors.
> isampler2DARRAY
>   2D array texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY_EXT target provided by the EXT_texture_array extension. Sampling returns int vectors.
> usampler2DARRAY
>   2D array texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY_EXT target provided by the EXT_texture_array extension. Sampling returns unsigned int vectors.
> sampler3D
>   3D texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_3D target. Sampling returns float vectors.
> isampler3D
>   3D texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_3D target. Sampling returns int vectors.
> usampler3D
>   3D texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_3D target. Sampling returns unsigned int vectors.
> samplerCUBE
>   Cube map texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP target. Sampling returns float vectors.
> isamplerCUBE
>   Cube map texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP target. Sampling returns int vectors.
> usamplerCUBE
>   Cube map texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP target. Sampling returns unsigned int vectors.
> samplerRECT
>   Rectangle texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB target. Sampling returns float vectors.
> isamplerRECT
>   Rectangle texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB target. Sampling returns int vectors.
> isamplerRECT
>   Rectangle texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB target. Sampling returns unsigned int vectors.
> samplerBUF
>   Buffer texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER_EXT target provided by the EXT_texture_buffer_object extension. Sampling returns float vectors.
> isamplerBUF
>   Buffer texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER_EXT target provided by the EXT_texture_buffer_object extension. Sampling returns int vectors.
> usamplerBUF
>   Buffer texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER_EXT target provided by the EXT_texture_buffer_object extension. Sampling returns unsigned int vectors.
> samplerRBUF
>   Renderbuffer texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_RENDERBUFFER_NV target provided by the NV_explicit_multisample extension. Sampling returns float vectors.
> isamplerRBUF
>   Renderbuffer texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_RENDERBUFFER_NV target provided by the NV_explicit_multisample extension. Sampling returns int vectors.
> usamplerRBUF
>   Renderbuffer texture unit corresponding to OpenGL's GL_TEXTURE_RENDERBUFFER_NV target provided by the NV_explicit_multisample extension. Sampling returns unsigned int vectors.

> ## Floating-Point

> float
>   32-bit IEEE floating-point
> half
>   32-bit IEEE floating-point
> double
>   32-bit IEEE floating-point
> fixed
>   Floating-point restricted to [-2,2) range.

> ## Integer

> This profile supports "true" integer data types. Shifting and bitwise operators are supported for integer data types.

> int
>   32-bit signed integer
> unsigned int
>   32-bit unsigned integer
> short
>   16-bit signed integer
> unsigned short
>   16-bit unsigned integer
> char
>   8-bit signed integer
> unsigned char
>   8-bit unsigned integer

> ## Semantics

> ## Varying Input Semantics

> ## Primitive Instance Input Semantic

> Within a batch of primitives (defined in OpenGL by a glBegin/glEnd sequence or an implied glBegin/glEnd performed by glDrawElements, glDrawArrays, etc.) a counter tracks each assembled primitive instance. The geometry shader has access to this counter through the INSTANCEID semantic.

>     Binding Semantics Name       Corresponding Data

>     INSTANCEID                   Integer instance ID of the primitive
>                                  within the current batch

> The first primitive generated after a glBegin is numbered zero, and the instance ID counter is incremented after every individual point, line, or polygon primitive is processed. For QUADS and QUAD_STRIP primitives that are decomposed into triangles, the instance ID is incremented after each complete quad is processed. For POLYGON primitives, the instance ID counter is zero. Restarting a primitive topology using the primitive restart index has no effect on the instance ID counter.

> Example:

>        int primID : INSTANCEID

> ## Vertex Instance Input Semantic

> The geometry shader can identify the vertex index (when using vertex buffer objects) that sourced each vertex making up the primitive.

> The vertex instance input semantic must be declared with the AttribArray template-style syntax because a geometry shader accepts an attribute array of vertex instance IDs.

>     Binding Semantics Name       Corresponding Data

>     VERTEXID                     Integer ID of the vertex's index
>                                  for vertex pulling

> The vertex ID is equal to value effectively passed to glArrayElement (or routines that implicitly call glArrayElements such as glDrawElements or glDrawArrays) when the vertex is specified, and is defined only if vertex arrays are used with buffer objects (VBOs).

> Example defining a varying parameter for the position vertex attribute:

>       AttribArray<int> vertexID : VERTEXID

> ## Vertex Attribute Input Semantics

> For geometry shader profiles such as gp4gp, varying parameters with vertex attribute input semantics must be declared with the AttribArray template-style syntax because a geometry shader accepts an attribute array of vertex attributes (rather than individual vertex attributes as a vertex shader does).

> Example defining a varying parameter for the position vertex attribute:

>       AttribArray<float4> position : POSITION

> The set of binding semantics for varying input vertex attributes to gp4gp consists of POSITION, BLENDWEIGHT, NORMAL, COLOR0, COLOR1, TESSFACTOR, PSIZE, BLENDINDICES, and TEXCOORD0-TEXCOORD7. One can also use TANGENT and BINORMAL instead of TEXCOORD6 and TEXCOORD7.

> Additionally, a set of binding semantics ATTR0-ATTR15 can be used. These binding semantics map to NV_gpu_program4 input attribute parameters as described in the NV_geometry_program4 document.

> The two sets act as aliases to each other on NVIDIA GPUs excluding Apple Macs. ATI GPUs and NVIDIA Mac GPUs do not alias the conventional vertex attributes with the generic attributes.

>     Binding Semantics Name       Corresponding Data

>     POSITION, ATTR0              Input Vertex, Generic Attribute 0

>     BLENDWEIGHT, ATTR1           Input vertex weight, Generic Attribute 1

>     NORMAL, ATTR2                Input normal, Generic Attribute 2

>     DIFFUSE, COLOR0, ATTR3       Input primary color, Generic Attribute 3

>     SPECULAR, COLOR1, ATTR4      Input secondary color, Generic Attribute 4

>     TESSFACTOR, FOGCOORD, ATTR5  Input fog coordinate, Generic Attribute 5

>     PSIZE, ATTR6                 Input point size, Generic Attribute 6

>     BLENDINDICES, ATTR7          Generic Attribute 7

>     TEXCOORD0-TEXCOORD7,         Input texture coordinates (texcoord0-texcoord7)
>     ATTR8-ATTR15                 Generic Attributes 8-15

>     TANGENT, ATTR14              Generic Attribute 14

>     BINORMAL, ATTR15             Generic Attribute 15

>     VERTEXID                     Input vertex ID (integer)
>                                  Vertex index when using vertex arrays

>     PRIMITIVEID                  Input primitive ID (integer)

> These vertex attribute semantics should match with the semantics of the outputs of the vertex shader feeding the geometry shader.

> ## Uniform Input Semantics

> ## Buffer Semantics

> gp4 profiles can specify that uniforms be specified to reside within binable buffers.

> Example of automatic, compiler-determined specification of a uniform's location within a buffer:

>     uniform float2 location   : BUFFER[3];  // compiler positions within buffer 3
>     uniform float4 brickColor : BUFFER[3];  // compiler positions within buffer 3

> Example of absolute byte offset specification of a uniform's locaiton within a buffer:

>       uniform float4 mustBeHere : BUFFER[7][20];  // locate 20 bytes into buffer 7

> ## Constant Register Semantics

>     C0-C255           Constant register [0..255].
>                       The aliases c0-c255 (lowercase) are also accepted.

> If used with a variable that requires more than one constant register (e.g. a matrix), the semantic specifies the first register that is used.

> Example:

>       uniform float4 array[20] : C14;  // uses c14 through c33

> ## Texture Unit Semantics

>       TEXUNIT0-TEXUNIT31  Texture image unit

> Example:

>       uniform sampler2DARRAY texArray : TEXUNIT7;

> ## Output Semantics

> These vertex attribute output semantics match the output semantics for gp4vp.

>     Binding Semantics Name        Corresponding Data

>     POSITION, HPOS                Output position

>     PSIZE, PSIZ                   Output point size

>     FOG, FOGC                     Output fog coordinate

>     COLOR0, COL0                  Output primary color

>     COLOR1, COL1                  Output secondary color

>     BCOL0                         Output backface primary color

>     BCOL1                         Output backface secondary color

>     TEXCOORD0-TEXCOORD7,          Output texture coordinates
>     TEX0-TEX7

>     CLP0-CL5                      Output Clip distances

>     PRIMITIVEID                   Output primitive ID (integer)

>     LAYER                         Output layer (integer)
>                                   Output 0 through 5 for cube map faces
>                                   Output 0 through N for 2D texture arrays

> ## Standard Library Issues

> ## Raw Cast From Floating-Point To Integer Functions

> It is possible to convert the raw bit patterns of IEEE single-precision floating-point to 32-bit unsigned integer.

> floatToRawIntBits, floatToIntBits, intBitsToFloat

> ## Texture Array Functions

> New sampler data types for texture arrays and texture buffers lead to new standard library routines to access these samplers.

> New standard library functions are used to access 1D texture array samplers (sampler1DARRAY).

> tex1DARRAY, tex1DARRAYbias, tex1DARRAYcmpbias, tex1DARRAYlod, tex1DARRAYcmplod, tex1DARRAYproj

> The dimensions of a texture array level can be determined.

> tex1DARRAYsize

> New standard library functions are used to access 2D texture array samplers (sampler2DARRAY).

> tex2DARRAY, tex2DARRAYbias, tex2DARRAYlod, tex2DARRAYproj

> The dimensions of a texture array level can be determined.

> tex2DARRAYsize

> ## See Also

> gp4, gp4vp, gp4fp, texBUF, texBUFsize, texRBUF, texRBUFsize, floatToRawIntBits, floatToIntBits, intBitsToFloat, tex1DARRAY, tex1DARRAYbias, tex1DARRAYcmpbias, tex1DARRAYlod, tex1DARRAYcmplod, tex1DARRAYproj, tex1DARRAYsize, tex2DARRAY, tex2DARRAYbias, tex2DARRAYlod, tex2DARRAYproj, tex2DARRAYsize