    POSTSCREEN(8)                                                    POSTSCREEN(8)

    NAME
           postscreen - Postfix zombie blocker

    SYNOPSIS
           postscreen [generic Postfix daemon options]

    DESCRIPTION
           The Postfix postscreen(8) server provides additional protection against
           mail  server  overload.  One  postscreen(8)  process  handles  multiple
           inbound SMTP connections, and decides which clients may talk to a Post-
           fix SMTP server  process.   By  keeping  spambots  away,  postscreen(8)
           leaves more SMTP server processes available for legitimate clients, and
           delays the onset of server overload conditions.

           This program should not be used on SMTP ports that  receive  mail  from
           end-user clients (MUAs). In a typical deployment, postscreen(8) handles
           the MX service on TCP port 25, while MUA clients submit  mail  via  the
           submission  service  on  TCP port 587 which requires client authentica-
           tion.  Alternatively, a site could set up a dedicated,  non-postscreen,
           "port  25" server that provides submission service and client authenti-
           cation, but no MX service.

           postscreen(8) maintains a temporary whitelist  for  clients  that  have
           passed  a  number  of  tests.   When  an  SMTP  client  IP  address  is
           whitelisted, postscreen(8) hands off the connection  immediately  to  a
           Postfix SMTP server process. This minimizes the overhead for legitimate
           mail.

           By default, postscreen(8) logs statistics and hands off each connection
           to a Postfix SMTP server process, while excluding clients in mynetworks
           from all tests (primarily, to avoid  problems  with  non-standard  SMTP
           implementations  in  network  appliances).  This default mode blocks no
           clients, and is useful for non-destructive testing.

           In a typical production setting, postscreen(8) is configured to  reject
           mail  from  clients  that  fail  one  or more tests. postscreen(8) logs
           rejected mail with the  client  address,  helo,  sender  and  recipient
           information.

           postscreen(8)  is  not an SMTP proxy; this is intentional.  The purpose
           is to keep spambots away from Postfix SMTP server processes, while min-
           imizing overhead for legitimate traffic.

    SECURITY
           The postscreen(8) server is moderately security-sensitive.  It talks to
           untrusted clients on the network. The process can be  run  chrooted  at
           fixed low privilege.

    STANDARDS
           RFC 821 (SMTP protocol)
           RFC 1123 (Host requirements)
           RFC 1652 (8bit-MIME transport)
           RFC 1869 (SMTP service extensions)
           RFC 1870 (Message Size Declaration)
           RFC 1985 (ETRN command)
           RFC 2034 (SMTP Enhanced Status Codes)
           RFC 2821 (SMTP protocol)
           Not: RFC 2920 (SMTP Pipelining)
           RFC 3207 (STARTTLS command)
           RFC 3461 (SMTP DSN Extension)
           RFC 3463 (Enhanced Status Codes)
           RFC 5321 (SMTP protocol, including multi-line 220 banners)

    DIAGNOSTICS
           Problems and transactions are logged to syslogd(8).

    BUGS
           The  postscreen(8)  built-in  SMTP  protocol  engine currently does not
           announce support for AUTH, XCLIENT or XFORWARD.  If you  need  to  make
           these  services  available  on port 25, then do not enable the optional
           "after 220 server greeting" tests, and do not use  DNSBLs  that  reject
           traffic from dial-up and residential networks.

           The  optional "after 220 server greeting" tests involve postscreen(8)'s
           built-in SMTP protocol engine. When these tests succeed,  postscreen(8)
           adds  the client to the temporary whitelist, but it cannot hand off the
           "live" connection to a Postfix SMTP server process in the middle  of  a
           session.  Instead, postscreen(8) defers attempts to deliver mail with a
           4XX status, and waits for the client to disconnect.   When  the  client
           connects  again, postscreen(8) will allow the client to talk to a Post-
           fix SMTP server process (provided that the  whitelist  status  has  not
           expired).   postscreen(8)  mitigates  the  impact of this limitation by
           giving the "after 220 server greeting" tests a long expiration time.

    CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
           Changes to main.cf are not picked up  automatically,  as  postscreen(8)
           processes  may run for several hours.  Use the command "postfix reload"
           after a configuration change.

           The text below provides only a parameter summary. See  postconf(5)  for
           more details including examples.

           NOTE:  Some  postscreen(8) parameters implement stress-dependent behav-
           ior.  This is supported  only  when  the  default  parameter  value  is
           stress-dependent  (that  is,  it looks like ${stress?{X}:{Y}}, or it is
           the $name of an  smtpd  parameter  with  a  stress-dependent  default).
           Other  parameters  always  evaluate as if the stress parameter value is
           the empty string.

    COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS
           postscreen_command_filter ($smtpd_command_filter)
                  A mechanism to transform commands from remote SMTP clients.

           postscreen_discard_ehlo_keyword_address_maps  ($smtpd_discard_ehlo_key-
           word_address_maps)
                  Lookup tables, indexed by the remote SMTP client  address,  with
                  case  insensitive  lists of EHLO keywords (pipelining, starttls,
                  auth, etc.) that the postscreen(8) server will not send  in  the
                  EHLO response to a remote SMTP client.

           postscreen_discard_ehlo_keywords ($smtpd_discard_ehlo_keywords)
                  A  case insensitive list of EHLO keywords (pipelining, starttls,
                  auth, etc.) that the postscreen(8) server will not send  in  the
                  EHLO response to a remote SMTP client.

           Available in Postfix version 3.1 and later:

           dns_ncache_ttl_fix_enable (no)
                  Enable a workaround for future libc incompatibility.

    TROUBLE SHOOTING CONTROLS
           postscreen_expansion_filter (see 'postconf -d' output)
                  List     of     characters     that     are     permitted     in
                  postscreen_reject_footer attribute expansions.

           postscreen_reject_footer ($smtpd_reject_footer)
                  Optional information  that  is  appended  after  a  4XX  or  5XX
                  postscreen(8) server response.

           soft_bounce (no)
                  Safety  net to keep mail queued that would otherwise be returned
                  to the sender.

    BEFORE-POSTSCREEN PROXY AGENT
           Available in Postfix version 2.10 and later:

           postscreen_upstream_proxy_protocol (empty)
                  The  name  of  the  proxy   protocol   used   by   an   optional
                  before-postscreen proxy agent.

           postscreen_upstream_proxy_timeout (5s)
                  The  time  limit  for  the  proxy  protocol  specified  with the
                  postscreen_upstream_proxy_protocol parameter.

    PERMANENT WHITE/BLACKLIST TEST
           This test is executed immediately after a remote SMTP client  connects.
           If  a  client is permanently whitelisted, the client will be handed off
           immediately to a Postfix SMTP server process.

           postscreen_access_list (permit_mynetworks)
                  Permanent white/blacklist for remote SMTP client IP addresses.

           postscreen_blacklist_action (ignore)
                  The action that postscreen(8) takes when a remote SMTP client is
                  permanently  blacklisted with the postscreen_access_list parame-
                  ter.

    MAIL EXCHANGER POLICY TESTS
           When postscreen(8) is configured to monitor all primary and  backup  MX
           addresses,  it can refuse to whitelist clients that connect to a backup
           MX address only. For small sites, this requires configuring primary and
           backup  MX  addresses on the same MTA. Larger sites would have to share
           the postscreen(8) cache between primary and backup  MTAs,  which  would
           introduce a common point of failure.

           postscreen_whitelist_interfaces (static:all)
                  A  list  of  local  postscreen(8)  server  IP  addresses where a
                  non-whitelisted remote SMTP client  can  obtain  postscreen(8)'s
                  temporary whitelist status.

    BEFORE 220 GREETING TESTS
           These  tests  are  executed  before the remote SMTP client receives the
           "220 servername" greeting. If no tests remain after the successful com-
           pletion  of  this phase, the client will be handed off immediately to a
           Postfix SMTP server process.

           dnsblog_service_name (dnsblog)
                  The name of the dnsblog(8) service entry in master.cf.

           postscreen_dnsbl_action (ignore)
                  The action that postscreen(8) takes when a remote SMTP  client's
                  combined DNSBL score is equal to or greater than a threshold (as
                  defined      with      the      postscreen_dnsbl_sites       and
                  postscreen_dnsbl_threshold parameters).

           postscreen_dnsbl_reply_map (empty)
                  A  mapping from actual DNSBL domain name which includes a secret
                  password, to the DNSBL domain name that  postscreen  will  reply
                  with when it rejects mail.

           postscreen_dnsbl_sites (empty)
                  Optional list of DNS white/blacklist domains, filters and weight
                  factors.

           postscreen_dnsbl_threshold (1)
                  The inclusive lower bound for blocking  a  remote  SMTP  client,
                  based   on   its  combined  DNSBL  score  as  defined  with  the
                  postscreen_dnsbl_sites parameter.

           postscreen_greet_action (ignore)
                  The action that postscreen(8) takes when a  remote  SMTP  client
                  speaks  before  its  turn  within  the  time  specified with the
                  postscreen_greet_wait parameter.

           postscreen_greet_banner ($smtpd_banner)
                  The text in the  optional  "220-text..."  server  response  that
                  postscreen(8) sends ahead of the real Postfix SMTP server's "220
                  text..." response, in an attempt to confuse bad SMTP clients  so
                  that they speak before their turn (pre-greet).

           postscreen_greet_wait (normal: 6s, overload: 2s)
                  The  amount  of  time  that  postscreen(8) will wait for an SMTP
                  client to send a command before its turn, and for DNS  blocklist
                  lookup results to arrive (default: up to 2 seconds under stress,
                  up to 6 seconds otherwise).

           smtpd_service_name (smtpd)
                  The internal service that postscreen(8) hands off  allowed  con-
                  nections to.

           Available in Postfix version 2.11 and later:

           postscreen_dnsbl_whitelist_threshold (0)
                  Allow  a  remote  SMTP  client  to  skip "before" and "after 220
                  greeting" protocol tests, based on its combined DNSBL  score  as
                  defined with the postscreen_dnsbl_sites parameter.

           Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later:

           postscreen_dnsbl_timeout (10s)
                  The time limit for DNSBL or DNSWL lookups.

    AFTER 220 GREETING TESTS
           These tests are executed after the remote SMTP client receives the "220
           servername" greeting. If a client passes all tests during  this  phase,
           it  will  receive  a  4XX  response  to all RCPT TO commands. After the
           client reconnects, it will be allowed to talk  directly  to  a  Postfix
           SMTP server process.

           postscreen_bare_newline_action (ignore)
                  The  action  that  postscreen(8) takes when a remote SMTP client
                  sends a bare newline character, that is, a newline not  preceded
                  by carriage return.

           postscreen_bare_newline_enable (no)
                  Enable  "bare  newline" SMTP protocol tests in the postscreen(8)
                  server.

           postscreen_disable_vrfy_command ($disable_vrfy_command)
                  Disable the SMTP VRFY command in the postscreen(8) daemon.

           postscreen_forbidden_commands ($smtpd_forbidden_commands)
                  List of commands that the postscreen(8) server considers in vio-
                  lation of the SMTP protocol.

           postscreen_helo_required ($smtpd_helo_required)
                  Require that a remote SMTP client sends HELO or EHLO before com-
                  mencing a MAIL transaction.

           postscreen_non_smtp_command_action (drop)
                  The action that postscreen(8) takes when a  remote  SMTP  client
                  sends non-SMTP commands as specified with the postscreen_forbid-
                  den_commands parameter.

           postscreen_non_smtp_command_enable (no)
                  Enable "non-SMTP command" tests in the postscreen(8) server.

           postscreen_pipelining_action (enforce)
                  The action that postscreen(8) takes when a  remote  SMTP  client
                  sends multiple commands instead of sending one command and wait-
                  ing for the server to respond.

           postscreen_pipelining_enable (no)
                  Enable "pipelining" SMTP protocol  tests  in  the  postscreen(8)
                  server.

    CACHE CONTROLS
           postscreen_cache_cleanup_interval (12h)
                  The amount of time between postscreen(8) cache cleanup runs.

           postscreen_cache_map (btree:$data_directory/postscreen_cache)
                  Persistent storage for the postscreen(8) server decisions.

           postscreen_cache_retention_time (7d)
                  The amount of time that postscreen(8) will cache an expired tem-
                  porary whitelist entry before it is removed.

           postscreen_bare_newline_ttl (30d)
                  The amount of time that postscreen(8) will use the result from a
                  successful "bare newline" SMTP protocol test.

           postscreen_dnsbl_max_ttl
           (${postscreen_dnsbl_ttl?{$postscreen_dnsbl_ttl}:{1}}h)
                  The  maximum  amount  of  time  that  postscreen(8) will use the
                  result from a successful  DNS-based  reputation  test  before  a
                  client IP address is required to pass that test again.

           postscreen_dnsbl_min_ttl (60s)
                  The  minimum  amount  of  time  that  postscreen(8) will use the
                  result from a successful  DNS-based  reputation  test  before  a
                  client IP address is required to pass that test again.

           postscreen_greet_ttl (1d)
                  The amount of time that postscreen(8) will use the result from a
                  successful PREGREET test.

           postscreen_non_smtp_command_ttl (30d)
                  The amount of time that postscreen(8) will use the result from a
                  successful "non_smtp_command" SMTP protocol test.

           postscreen_pipelining_ttl (30d)
                  The amount of time that postscreen(8) will use the result from a
                  successful "pipelining" SMTP protocol test.

    RESOURCE CONTROLS
           line_length_limit (2048)
                  Upon input, long lines are chopped up into  pieces  of  at  most
                  this length; upon delivery, long lines are reconstructed.

           postscreen_client_connection_count_limit         ($smtpd_client_connec-
           tion_count_limit)
                  How  many  simultaneous  connections  any  remote SMTP client is
                  allowed to have with the postscreen(8) daemon.

           postscreen_command_count_limit (20)
                  The limit on the total number of commands per SMTP  session  for
                  postscreen(8)'s built-in SMTP protocol engine.

           postscreen_command_time_limit (normal: 300s, overload: 10s)
                  The   time   limit   to   read   an  entire  command  line  with
                  postscreen(8)'s built-in SMTP protocol engine.

           postscreen_post_queue_limit ($default_process_limit)
                  The number of clients that can be waiting  for  service  from  a
                  real Postfix SMTP server process.

           postscreen_pre_queue_limit ($default_process_limit)
                  The  number of non-whitelisted clients that can be waiting for a
                  decision whether they will receive service from a  real  Postfix
                  SMTP server process.

           postscreen_watchdog_timeout (10s)
                  How  much  time a postscreen(8) process may take to respond to a
                  remote SMTP client command  or  to  perform  a  cache  operation
                  before it is terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.

    STARTTLS CONTROLS
           postscreen_tls_security_level ($smtpd_tls_security_level)
                  The SMTP TLS security level for the postscreen(8) server; when a
                  non-empty value is specified, this overrides the obsolete param-
                  eters postscreen_use_tls and postscreen_enforce_tls.

           tlsproxy_service_name (tlsproxy)
                  The name of the tlsproxy(8) service entry in master.cf.

    OBSOLETE STARTTLS SUPPORT CONTROLS
           These  parameters  are supported for compatibility with smtpd(8) legacy
           parameters.

           postscreen_use_tls ($smtpd_use_tls)
                  Opportunistic TLS: announce  STARTTLS  support  to  remote  SMTP
                  clients, but do not require that clients use TLS encryption.

           postscreen_enforce_tls ($smtpd_enforce_tls)
                  Mandatory TLS: announce STARTTLS support to remote SMTP clients,
                  and require that clients use TLS encryption.

    MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
           config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
                  The default location of the Postfix main.cf and  master.cf  con-
                  figuration files.

           delay_logging_resolution_limit (2)
                  The  maximal  number of digits after the decimal point when log-
                  ging sub-second delay values.

           command_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
                  The location of all postfix administrative commands.

           max_idle (100s)
                  The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix  daemon  process
                  waits for an incoming connection before terminating voluntarily.

           process_id (read-only)
                  The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.

           process_name (read-only)
                  The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.

           syslog_facility (mail)
                  The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

           syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
                  The mail system name that is prepended to the  process  name  in
                  syslog  records,  so  that  "smtpd" becomes, for example, "post-
                  fix/smtpd".

    SEE ALSO
           smtpd(8), Postfix SMTP server
           tlsproxy(8), Postfix TLS proxy server
           dnsblog(8), DNS black/whitelist logger
           syslogd(8), system logging

    README FILES
           POSTSCREEN_README, Postfix Postscreen Howto

    LICENSE
           The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

    HISTORY
           This service was introduced with Postfix version 2.8.

           Many  ideas  in  postscreen(8) were explored in earlier work by Michael
           Tokarev, in OpenBSD spamd, and in MailChannels Traffic Control.

    AUTHOR(S)
           Wietse Venema
           IBM T.J. Watson Research
           P.O. Box 704
           Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

           Wietse Venema
           Google, Inc.
           111 8th Avenue
           New York, NY 10011, USA

                                                                     POSTSCREEN(8)