transformers-0.4.2.0: Concrete functor and monad transformers

Copyright | (C) 2013 Ross Paterson
License | BSD-style (see the file LICENSE)
Maintainer | ross@soi.city.ac.uk
Stability | experimental
Portability | portable
Safe Haskell | Safe
Language | Haskell98

Control.Monad.Trans.Except

Contents

- The Except monad
- The ExceptT monad transformer
- Exception operations
- Lifting other operations

Description

This monad transformer extends a monad with the ability throw exceptions.

A sequence of actions terminates normally, producing a value, only if none of the actions in the sequence throws an exception. If one throws an exception, the rest of the sequence is skipped and the composite action exits with that exception.

If the value of the exception is not required, the variant in Control.Monad.Trans.Maybe may be used instead.

Synopsis

- type Except e = ExceptT e Identity
- except :: Either e a -> Except e a
- runExcept :: Except e a -> Either e a
- mapExcept :: (Either e a -> Either e' b) -> Except e a -> Except e' b
- withExcept :: (e -> e') -> Except e a -> Except e' a
- newtype ExceptT e m a = ExceptT (m (Either e a))
- runExceptT :: ExceptT e m a -> m (Either e a)
- mapExceptT :: (m (Either e a) -> n (Either e' b)) -> ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e' n b
- withExceptT :: Functor m => (e -> e') -> ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e' m a
- throwE :: Monad m => e -> ExceptT e m a
- catchE :: Monad m => ExceptT e m a -> (e -> ExceptT e' m a) -> ExceptT e' m a
- liftCallCC :: CallCC m (Either e a) (Either e b) -> CallCC (ExceptT e m) a b
- liftListen :: Monad m => Listen w m (Either e a) -> Listen w (ExceptT e m) a
- liftPass :: Monad m => Pass w m (Either e a) -> Pass w (ExceptT e m) a

# The Except monad

type Except e = ExceptT e Identity

The parameterizable exception monad.

Computations are either exceptions or normal values.

The `return` function returns a normal value, while `>>=` exits on the first exception. For a variant that continies after an error and collects all the errors, see `Errors`.

except :: Either e a -> Except e a

Constructor for computations in the exception monad. (The inverse of `runExcept`).

runExcept :: Except e a -> Either e a

Extractor for computations in the exception monad. (The inverse of `except`).

mapExcept :: (Either e a -> Either e' b) -> Except e a -> Except e' b

Map the unwrapped computation using the given function.

-     runExcept (mapExcept f m) = f (runExcept m)

withExcept :: (e -> e') -> Except e a -> Except e' a

Transform any exceptions thrown by the computation using the given function (a specialization of `withExceptT`).

# The ExceptT monad transformer

newtype ExceptT e m a

A monad transformer that adds exceptions to other monads.

`ExceptT` constructs a monad parameterized over two things:

- e - The exception type.
- m - The inner monad.

The `return` function yields a computation that produces the given value, while `>>=` sequences two subcomputations, exiting on the first exception.

Constructors

ExceptT (m (Either e a)) |

Instances

MonadTrans (ExceptT e) |
Monad m => Monad (ExceptT e m) |
Functor m => Functor (ExceptT e m) |
MonadFix m => MonadFix (ExceptT e m) |
(Functor m, Monad m) => Applicative (ExceptT e m) |
Foldable f => Foldable (ExceptT e f) |
Traversable f => Traversable (ExceptT e f) |
(Functor m, Monad m, Monoid e) => Alternative (ExceptT e m) |
(Monad m, Monoid e) => MonadPlus (ExceptT e m) |
MonadIO m => MonadIO (ExceptT e m) |
(Show e, Show1 m) => Show1 (ExceptT e m) |
(Read e, Read1 m) => Read1 (ExceptT e m) |
(Ord e, Ord1 m) => Ord1 (ExceptT e m) |
(Eq e, Eq1 m) => Eq1 (ExceptT e m) |
(Eq e, Eq1 m, Eq a) => Eq (ExceptT e m a) |
(Ord e, Ord1 m, Ord a) => Ord (ExceptT e m a) |
(Read e, Read1 m, Read a) => Read (ExceptT e m a) |
(Show e, Show1 m, Show a) => Show (ExceptT e m a) |

runExceptT :: ExceptT e m a -> m (Either e a)

The inverse of `ExceptT`.

mapExceptT :: (m (Either e a) -> n (Either e' b)) -> ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e' n b

Map the unwrapped computation using the given function.

-     runExceptT (mapExceptT f m) = f (runExceptT m)

withExceptT :: Functor m => (e -> e') -> ExceptT e m a -> ExceptT e' m a

Transform any exceptions thrown by the computation using the given function.

# Exception operations

throwE :: Monad m => e -> ExceptT e m a

Signal an exception value `e`.

-     runExceptT (throwE e) = return (Left e)

-     throwE e >>= m = throwE e

catchE

Arguments

:: Monad m |
=> ExceptT e m a | the inner computation
-> (e -> ExceptT e' m a) | a handler for exceptions in the inner computation
-> ExceptT e' m a |

Handle an exception.

-     catchE h (lift m) = lift m

-     catchE h (throwE e) = h e

# Lifting other operations

liftCallCC :: CallCC m (Either e a) (Either e b) -> CallCC (ExceptT e m) a b

Lift a `callCC` operation to the new monad.

liftListen :: Monad m => Listen w m (Either e a) -> Listen w (ExceptT e m) a

Lift a `listen` operation to the new monad.

liftPass :: Monad m => Pass w m (Either e a) -> Pass w (ExceptT e m) a

Lift a `pass` operation to the new monad.